Introduction Case-control studies are a cornerstone of observational epidemiology, especially in the investigation of rare diseases or diseases with a long latency period. By comparing individuals with a specific outcome (cases) to those without it (controls), researchers can identify and quantify associations […]
Introduction Phytochemicals are naturally occurring bioactive compounds found in plants. These non-nutrient substances are not essential for basic human survival but offer significant health benefits, including the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular conditions, and neurodegenerative disorders. Found abundantly in […]
Introduction Cancer is a multifactorial disease characterized by abnormal cell growth that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to distant parts of the body. While some cancers occur sporadically, many arise due to a combination of genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and lifestyle […]
Introduction Carcinogens are substances, agents, or exposures that are capable of causing cancer in living tissue. Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, can be triggered by genetic mutations, many of which are induced or accelerated by carcinogenic substances. Carcinogens are found in […]
Introduction Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. Epidemiological studies form the backbone of public health research, enabling scientists and policymakers to […]
Introduction A health-conscious diet refers to deliberate, mindful food choices aimed at promoting physical well-being, preventing disease, and enhancing overall quality of life. Unlike fad diets, a health-conscious approach is rooted in scientific evidence, balanced nutrition, and lifestyle sustainability. With the increasing […]
Introduction Traditional diets are patterns of eating that have evolved over centuries within specific cultural and geographic contexts. These diets reflect the agricultural practices, climate, religious beliefs, and historical influences of a region. Unlike modern processed food trends, traditional diets emphasize whole, […]
Introduction Public health nutrition is a discipline that addresses the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and overall health of populations. It emphasizes the prevention of diet-related diseases and the promotion of nutritional well-being through evidence-based interventions, policies, and community-based initiatives. Unlike clinical nutrition, […]
Introduction Nutrient intake is a fundamental aspect of human health, influencing physical development, metabolic processes, immune function, and disease resistance. It encompasses the consumption of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Optimal nutrient intake is essential across […]
Introduction Dietary patterns refer to habitual combinations of foods and beverages consumed regularly. Unlike the study of individual nutrients, analyzing dietary patterns provides a broader understanding of how food choices affect health. In recent years, this approach has gained attention for its […]