Introduction Omega-3 fatty acids are essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that play a vital role in numerous physiological processes, including cardiovascular health, neurological development, and anti-inflammatory response. Since the human body cannot synthesize omega-3s de novo, these nutrients must be obtained through […]
Introduction Omega-3 fatty acids are a group of essential polyunsaturated fats that play a vital role in human health. They are called “essential” because the human body cannot synthesize them and must obtain them through diet. The three most important omega-3 fatty […]
Introduction Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, immune function, and cardiovascular regulation. Among its measurable forms in the human body, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is considered the most reliable indicator of overall vitamin […]
Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a complex and progressive clinical condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic demands of the body. It affects millions of people globally and remains one of the leading causes […]
Introduction Adjuvant therapy has become a cornerstone of modern medical treatment strategies, especially in oncology and chronic disease management. The term “adjuvant” originates from the Latin adjuvare, meaning “to help” — reflecting its purpose of supporting or enhancing the primary treatment. In […]
Introduction Vitamin D, often referred to as the “sunshine vitamin,” is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance, supporting bone mineralization, and contributing to immune and cardiovascular health. In recent decades, research has uncovered that vitamin D has functions […]
1. Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is widely regarded as a chronic progressive disease characterised by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. However, growing evidence shows that in certain individuals, T2DM can be brought into remission (“reversal”) through intensive intervention. PMC+3PMC+3Newcastle University+3 […]
1. Introduction The insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets play a central role in the regulation of blood glucose. Dysfunction or loss of these cells is a key step in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Understanding β-cell […]
1. Introduction Oxidative stress represents a pivotal concept in biology and medicine, describing a state where the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related reactive molecules overwhelms the body’s antioxidant defenses, leading to damage of biomolecules and disruption of cellular homeostasis. […]
1. Introduction In the modern era of rising chronic diseases, the role of targeted dietary strategies has never been more important. Nutritional therapy refers to the use of diet, nutrition assessment, and individualised nutritional interventions to support the treatment, management or prevention […]