Comorbidities Definitions, Impacts, and Clinical Implications in Healthcare Introduction Comorbidities are increasingly recognized as critical determinants of patient outcomes and healthcare burden. In simple terms, comorbidities refer to the presence of two or more medical conditions occurring simultaneously in a patient. These […]
Multivariable Regression Theory, Applications, and Interpretations in Modern Data Analysis Introduction Multivariable regression is a powerful statistical tool that enables researchers and analysts to investigate the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables simultaneously. It extends the principles of simple […]
Cardiovascular Mortality Understanding the Causes, Risk Factors, and Prevention Strategies Introduction Cardiovascular mortality, defined as death resulting from diseases of the heart and blood vessels, remains the leading global cause of death, responsible for about 17.9 million deaths annually (WHO, 2021). This […]
Dapagliflozin A Multi-Targeted Therapy for Diabetes, Heart Failure, and Kidney Disease Introduction Dapagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitor developed primarily for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, its therapeutic use has expanded significantly due to demonstrated benefits in heart failure […]
Patient Adherence A Cornerstone of Effective Healthcare Delivery Introduction In modern healthcare systems, the success of any medical intervention relies not only on the efficacy of drugs or the precision of surgical procedures, but also heavily on the patient’s adherence to prescribed […]
Alirocumab Advancing Cardiovascular Health Through PCSK9 Inhibition Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Central to its pathogenesis is the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in arterial walls, leading to atherosclerosis. While statins have long […]
Evolocumab A Breakthrough in Lipid-Lowering Therapy for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Introduction Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a well-established risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. While statins have […]
Retrospective Cohort Study Design, Applications, and Significance in Epidemiological Research Introduction A retrospective cohort study is a powerful observational study design used extensively in epidemiology and clinical research. Unlike prospective studies, which follow participants into the future, retrospective cohort studies look backward […]
Multivariate Regression Concepts, Applications, and Interpretation Introduction Multivariate regression is a powerful statistical technique used to model the relationship between multiple independent variables and two or more dependent variables simultaneously. Unlike simple linear regression, which focuses on a single dependent variable, multivariate […]
Statins Mechanism, Clinical Applications, and Public Health Significance Introduction Statins are a class of lipid-lowering medications widely used to prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD). They work primarily by inhibiting the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase, a key […]