Introduction Public health nutrition is a discipline that addresses the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and overall health of populations. It emphasizes the prevention of diet-related diseases and the promotion of nutritional well-being through evidence-based interventions, policies, and community-based initiatives. Unlike clinical nutrition, […]
Introduction Nutrient intake is a fundamental aspect of human health, influencing physical development, metabolic processes, immune function, and disease resistance. It encompasses the consumption of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Optimal nutrient intake is essential across […]
Introduction Dietary patterns refer to habitual combinations of foods and beverages consumed regularly. Unlike the study of individual nutrients, analyzing dietary patterns provides a broader understanding of how food choices affect health. In recent years, this approach has gained attention for its […]
Western Diet Composition, Health Impacts, and Global Challenges Introduction The Western diet, also referred to as the Standard American Diet (SAD), is characterized by high intakes of red and processed meats, refined grains, sugar-laden desserts, high-fat dairy products, and sugary beverages. Originally […]
The Maze Test A Versatile Behavioral Tool for Assessing Learning, Memory, and Cognitive Function in Laboratory Animals Introduction The maze test is a cornerstone behavioral paradigm in neuroscience and experimental psychology, designed to assess learning, spatial memory, anxiety, and cognitive flexibility in […]
Body Weight Changes Biological Mechanisms, Health Implications, and Regulatory Factors Introduction Body weight is a dynamic measure influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral factors. Changes in body weight, whether intentional or unintentional, can have significant implications […]
Hematological Parameters Indicators of Health and Disease Introduction Hematological parameters are essential indicators of physiological and pathological states in the human body. Derived from the complete blood count (CBC), these parameters encompass a wide range of blood cell types and characteristics, including […]
Introduction Biochemical markers, or biomarkers, are measurable substances in biological systems that indicate a physiological or pathological state. These molecules, typically found in blood, urine, or tissues, play a critical role in clinical practice for the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of diseases. […]
Open-Field Test A Behavioral Assessment Tool for Locomotion, Anxiety, and Exploration in Animal Models Introduction The open-field test (OFT) is one of the most widely used behavioral paradigms in neuroscience and psychopharmacology. Originally developed by Calvin S. Hall in the 1930s, the […]
Regulatory Safety Ensuring Public Health, Product Integrity, and Environmental Protection Introduction Regulatory safety refers to the framework of laws, policies, standards, and practices designed to ensure that products, processes, and activities meet defined safety thresholds to protect human health, the environment, and […]