Introduction Survival analysis is a statistical approach used to study the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease progression, or system failure. One of the most widely used techniques in survival analysis is the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method, which […]
Introduction Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC), located in Peshawar, Pakistan, is one of the most prominent tertiary care hospitals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). Established in 1992, HMC plays a pivotal role in delivering advanced healthcare services, medical education, and research. Strategically positioned in […]
Introduction Screening programs are an essential component of modern public health strategies aimed at early disease detection, prevention, and management. These programs involve systematic testing or examination of asymptomatic individuals within a target population to identify the early signs of diseases or […]
Introduction A health-conscious diet refers to deliberate, mindful food choices aimed at promoting physical well-being, preventing disease, and enhancing overall quality of life. Unlike fad diets, a health-conscious approach is rooted in scientific evidence, balanced nutrition, and lifestyle sustainability. With the increasing […]
Dietary Habits Patterns, Influences, and Impact on Health Introduction Dietary habits refer to the regular decisions an individual or group makes regarding food consumption. These habits are shaped by a combination of cultural, economic, social, psychological, and environmental factors. Understanding dietary habits […]
Patient Adherence A Cornerstone of Effective Healthcare Delivery Introduction In modern healthcare systems, the success of any medical intervention relies not only on the efficacy of drugs or the precision of surgical procedures, but also heavily on the patient’s adherence to prescribed […]
Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ventricle’s ability to fill with or eject blood. Despite therapeutic […]
Echocardiography A Non-Invasive Window into Cardiac Health Introduction Echocardiography is a vital diagnostic tool in cardiology that uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart. This non-invasive technique allows healthcare providers to assess cardiac structure, function, and blood flow dynamics in […]
Understanding Fasting Blood Glucose Importance, Measurement, and Clinical Implications Introduction Fasting blood glucose (FBG) is a crucial clinical measurement used to assess an individual’s glucose metabolism and overall glycemic status. It serves as a fundamental diagnostic tool for identifying disorders like diabetes […]
Effective Study Strategies Enhancing Learning, Retention, and Academic Success Introduction Academic success is not solely determined by natural intelligence or time spent studying—it often hinges on how students approach learning. Study strategies are methods and techniques that help students learn more effectively, […]