Sustainable Agriculture A Path to Environmental and Economic Stability Introduction Sustainable agriculture refers to farming practices that meet current food production needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It integrates environmental health, economic profitability, and social […]
Carbon Sequestration Introduction Carbon sequestration is a natural or artificial process by which carbon dioxide (CO₂) is captured and stored to mitigate or defer global climate change. As the concentration of atmospheric CO₂ continues to rise due to human activities, particularly fossil […]
Oxidative Stress Mechanisms, Implications, and Therapeutic Strategies Abstract Oxidative stress is a biochemical imbalance characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, overwhelming the antioxidant defense system. It plays a pivotal role in aging, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and metabolic syndromes. […]
Uric Acid An Overview Introduction Uric acid is a natural waste product formed from the breakdown of purines, substances found in many foods and the body’s own cells. While uric acid is normally dissolved in the blood and excreted through the kidneys, […]
Metabolic Syndrome An Overview Introduction Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of interrelated metabolic disorders that significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and stroke. It is characterized by central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. […]
Diabetes Mellitus Introduction Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. It is a major global health concern, affecting millions of people worldwide. If left unmanaged, diabetes can lead […]
Inflammation Introduction Inflammation is the body’s natural immune response to injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. It plays a crucial role in healing and defense against pathogens. However, chronic inflammation can contribute to various diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders. Types […]
Atherosclerosis Introduction Atherosclerosis is a progressive condition where arteries narrow and harden due to plaque buildup. This can lead to heart attacks, strokes, and other cardiovascular diseases. It develops over time and may remain undetected until significant complications arise. Causes and Risk […]
Hypertension Causes, Risks, and Management Introduction Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, is a chronic medical condition characterized by persistently elevated blood pressure in the arteries. It is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks, strokes, and kidney […]
Blood Transfusion Process, Benefits, Risks, and Clinical Applications Introduction Blood transfusion is a crucial medical procedure involving the transfer of blood or its components from a donor to a recipient. It is commonly used to treat severe anemia, blood loss from trauma […]