Introduction Carcinogens are substances, agents, or exposures that are capable of causing cancer in living tissue. Cancer, characterized by uncontrolled cell growth, can be triggered by genetic mutations, many of which are induced or accelerated by carcinogenic substances. Carcinogens are found in […]
Introduction Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specific populations, and the application of this study to control health problems. Epidemiological studies form the backbone of public health research, enabling scientists and policymakers to […]
Introduction A health-conscious diet refers to deliberate, mindful food choices aimed at promoting physical well-being, preventing disease, and enhancing overall quality of life. Unlike fad diets, a health-conscious approach is rooted in scientific evidence, balanced nutrition, and lifestyle sustainability. With the increasing […]
Introduction Traditional diets are patterns of eating that have evolved over centuries within specific cultural and geographic contexts. These diets reflect the agricultural practices, climate, religious beliefs, and historical influences of a region. Unlike modern processed food trends, traditional diets emphasize whole, […]
Introduction Public health nutrition is a discipline that addresses the dietary patterns, nutritional status, and overall health of populations. It emphasizes the prevention of diet-related diseases and the promotion of nutritional well-being through evidence-based interventions, policies, and community-based initiatives. Unlike clinical nutrition, […]
Introduction Nutrient intake is a fundamental aspect of human health, influencing physical development, metabolic processes, immune function, and disease resistance. It encompasses the consumption of essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Optimal nutrient intake is essential across […]
Introduction Dietary patterns refer to habitual combinations of foods and beverages consumed regularly. Unlike the study of individual nutrients, analyzing dietary patterns provides a broader understanding of how food choices affect health. In recent years, this approach has gained attention for its […]
Western Diet Composition, Health Impacts, and Global Challenges Introduction The Western diet, also referred to as the Standard American Diet (SAD), is characterized by high intakes of red and processed meats, refined grains, sugar-laden desserts, high-fat dairy products, and sugary beverages. Originally […]
The Maze Test A Versatile Behavioral Tool for Assessing Learning, Memory, and Cognitive Function in Laboratory Animals Introduction The maze test is a cornerstone behavioral paradigm in neuroscience and experimental psychology, designed to assess learning, spatial memory, anxiety, and cognitive flexibility in […]
Body Weight Changes Biological Mechanisms, Health Implications, and Regulatory Factors Introduction Body weight is a dynamic measure influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, hormonal, metabolic, and behavioral factors. Changes in body weight, whether intentional or unintentional, can have significant implications […]