Introduction Hemoglobin (Hb) is one of the most essential biomolecules in human physiology, functioning as the primary carrier of oxygen from the lungs to body tissues and returning carbon dioxide back for exhalation. The measurement of hemoglobin levels is among the most […]
Introduction Platelets, also known as thrombocytes, are small, anucleate blood components that play a central role in hemostasis and thrombosis. The platelet count—a measure of the number of platelets per microliter (µL) of blood—is a fundamental hematological parameter used in routine clinical […]
Introduction Platelets are small, anucleate blood cells that play a fundamental role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Their ability to adhere, activate, and aggregate is crucial for the formation of a hemostatic plug at sites of vascular injury. However, excessive or inappropriate platelet […]
Introduction Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a biologically active lipid mediator derived from arachidonic acid through the cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway. It belongs to the family of eicosanoids, which also includes prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and prostacyclin. Discovered in the early 1970s, TXA2 plays a central […]
Introduction The coagulation system plays a vital role in maintaining hemostasis by preventing excessive bleeding following vascular injury. Prothrombin Time (PT) is one of the most widely used laboratory tests to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. First […]
Introduction Prevention is a cornerstone of modern medicine and public health, aimed at reducing disease burden and promoting healthier societies. Primary prevention specifically refers to interventions that are applied before the onset of disease, with the goal of eliminating risk factors and […]
Introduction Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 15 million people suffer from a stroke each year; nearly one-third die, while another third are left permanently disabled. Importantly, […]
Introduction The Cox Proportional Hazards Model (Cox PH Model), introduced by Sir David Cox in 1972, is one of the most widely used statistical methods in survival analysis. It is primarily employed to assess the impact of several variables on the time […]
Introduction Platelet aggregation is a fundamental physiological process that plays a vital role in hemostasis, wound healing, and thrombosis. When vascular injury occurs, platelets rapidly adhere to the damaged endothelium, become activated, and clump together to form a platelet plug. This process […]
Introduction Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems, communities, and families. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), stroke accounts for approximately 11% of total deaths globally and is a […]