1. Introduction The insulin-producing β-cells of the pancreatic islets play a central role in the regulation of blood glucose. Dysfunction or loss of these cells is a key step in the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Understanding β-cell […]
Type 2 Diabetes Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Precision Management Strategies Introduction Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, leading to hyperglycemia. It is the most prevalent form of diabetes globally, accounting […]