Introduction Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble vitamin that plays a critical role in maintaining bone health, immune function, and cardiovascular regulation. Among its measurable forms in the human body, 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] is considered the most reliable indicator of overall vitamin […]
Introduction Vitamin D, often referred to as the “sunshine vitamin,” is a fat-soluble vitamin crucial for maintaining calcium and phosphorus balance, bone metabolism, and overall health. Serum vitamin D levels serve as a key biomarker for assessing vitamin D status in the […]
Introduction Calcium (Ca²⁺) is an essential mineral that plays a fundamental role in numerous physiological processes, including skeletal mineralization, muscle contraction, nerve conduction, blood coagulation, and cellular signaling. The maintenance of calcium homeostasis is vital for life, and its balance depends largely […]
Introduction Vitamin D, a fat-soluble secosteroid, is one of the most crucial micronutrients for maintaining overall human health. It plays a vital role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, supporting bone mineralization, immune function, and various cellular processes. Despite being termed a […]