Introduction Crystal violet staining is a fundamental laboratory technique in microbiology used to differentiate bacterial species based on the structural differences in their cell walls. It is an integral component of the Gram staining method, first developed by Hans Christian Gram in […]
Introduction Actinomyces viscosus is a gram-positive, facultative anaerobic, non-motile, and non-spore-forming bacterium that is part of the normal flora of the human oral cavity. It plays a significant role in dental plaque formation and has been implicated in a range of periodontal […]
Introduction Actinomyces israelii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, filamentous, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that belongs to the genus Actinomyces, family Actinomycetaceae. First identified in the late 19th century by James Israel, this bacterium is now recognized as the primary causative agent of actinomycosis, a […]
Introduction Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that is a key member of the human oral microbiome. It was first described by Hamada in 1970 and is part of the genus Actinomyces, which includes other medically relevant species such […]