Introduction The advent of multi-omics technologies has revolutionized modern biological research by enabling a holistic understanding of complex biological systems. Unlike traditional single-omics approaches that analyze only one layer of biological information—such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, or metabolomics—multi-omics integrates multiple datasets to […]
Introduction The concept of gene–environment interaction (G×E) describes how genetic makeup and environmental exposures jointly influence human health and disease. Genes provide biological potential, while the environment determines whether and how these potentials are expressed. This interaction explains why individuals with similar […]