Myocardial Infarction Causes, Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Heart Attacks Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a life-threatening condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the heart muscle is severely reduced or completely […]
Cardiovascular Outcomes Understanding, Importance, and Clinical Implications Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a significant public health challenge. Cardiovascular outcomes refer to the range of clinical events and endpoints that reflect the health status […]
Myocardial Infarction Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle (myocardium) is abruptly […]
Understanding Reduced Ejection Fraction Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Introduction Reduced ejection fraction (REF), commonly referred to as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), is a serious and progressive condition in which the heart muscle cannot pump blood effectively. This impairment leads […]