Clinical Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure A Comprehensive Overview Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a complex clinical syndrome resulting from structural or functional cardiac disorders that impair the ventricle’s ability to fill with or eject blood. Despite therapeutic […]
Understanding Heart Failure Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Management Introduction Heart failure is a progressive clinical syndrome marked by the heart’s inability to pump sufficient blood to meet the body’s needs. It affects millions worldwide and remains a leading cause of morbidity and […]