Abstract Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) is a crucial clinical practice that involves measuring drug concentrations in blood at designated intervals to maintain a constant plasma concentration within a therapeutic range. It is particularly valuable for medications with narrow therapeutic indices, significant pharmacokinetic […]
Introduction Disease diagnosis is the cornerstone of modern healthcare, enabling clinicians to identify the underlying causes of symptoms and select appropriate treatments. Accurate diagnosis not only determines patient management but also influences prognosis, public health decisions, and medical research. Diagnostic processes have […]
Introduction The coagulation system plays a vital role in maintaining hemostasis by preventing excessive bleeding following vascular injury. Prothrombin Time (PT) is one of the most widely used laboratory tests to evaluate the extrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade. First […]
Introduction Diagnostic accuracy is a fundamental concept in clinical medicine and biomedical research, referring to the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify or exclude a disease or condition. With the rapid development of laboratory technologies, imaging modalities, and artificial intelligence–based […]
Introduction Early diagnosis refers to the identification of diseases or health conditions at an initial stage, often before the onset of severe symptoms or complications. It is a critical element in healthcare that improves the chances of effective treatment, reduces disease progression, […]