Retrospective Cohort Study Design, Advantages, Limitations, and Applications Introduction In epidemiology and clinical research, various study designs are employed to investigate associations between exposures and outcomes. Among these designs, the cohort study is a fundamental observational approach that follows groups of individuals […]
Understanding Bias Types, Impacts, and Mitigation in Society and Science Introduction Bias is an inherent part of human cognition and social interaction. It refers to a tendency or inclination that results in unfair treatment, judgment, or perception. Bias can be conscious (explicit) […]