Introduction Actinomyces israelii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, filamentous, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that belongs to the genus Actinomyces, family Actinomycetaceae. First identified in the late 19th century by James Israel, this bacterium is now recognized as the primary causative agent of actinomycosis, a […]
Introduction Actinomyces naeslundii is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, facultatively anaerobic bacterium that is a key member of the human oral microbiome. It was first described by Hamada in 1970 and is part of the genus Actinomyces, which includes other medically relevant species such […]